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Dislocations are linear defects: the interatomic bonds are significantly distorted only in the immediate vicinity of the dislocation line. This area is called the dislocation core. Dislocations also create small elastic deformations of the lattice at large distances.
Dislocations are very important in mechanical properties of material. Introduction/discovery of dislocations in 1934 by Taylor, Orowan and Polyani marked the beginning of our understanding of mechanical properties of materials.
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